Industrial Electronics Glossary

PWM, H-bridge, proportional valve, Lift-O-Matic, IP rating and more — definitions of industrial electronics terminology.

• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
• H-Bridge
• AntiSwitch
• Inrush Current
• Soft Start
• IP Protection Class
• Proportional Valve
• Lift-O-Matik
• Three-Point Hitch System
• Governor
• Servo Actuator
• Tilt Sensor (Inclinometer)
• Radio Remote Control Crane Set
• Transmitter Remote Control Unit (Transmitter)
• Receiver Module
• Push-Button Transmitter
• Joystick Type Transmitter (Joystick Transmitter)
• Parallel Operation with Manual Push Buttons (Parallel Manual Control)
• Control Channel
• Channel Budget
• Bidirectional Mapping with Two Channels
• Relay Output
• Dry Contact (Volt-Free)
• Normally Open Contact (NO)
• Normally Closed Contact (NC)
• Changeover Contact (Changeover / SPDT)
• Relay Contact Current Rating (Contact Rating)
• AC-1 Load Category (IEC 60947)
• AC-15 Load Category
• DC-13 Load Category
• Derating on Inductive Loads
• Relay Output Chain
• Flyback Diode
• Control Layout Ergonomics
• Contactor Coil
• Contactor Drop-out Voltage
• Electrical Interlock
• Mechanical Interlock
• Forward-Reverse Direction Control (Reversing Control)
• Momentary Control (Hold-to-Run)
• Latching Output
• Pulse Output
• Panel-Mount Receiver
• Outdoor Receiver
• Receiver Antenna
• Antenna Placement
• Antenna Cable Length
• Faraday Cage Effect
• Pairing
• Learn Mode
• ID / Address Code
• Loss of Pairing
• Spare Transmitter
• Multiple Transmitters - Single Receiver
• Single Transmitter - Multiple Receivers
• Line-of-Sight Range
• Range Margin
• AXI-Link Charging Connector
• Li-Po Battery Pack
• Alkaline AAA Supply
• Receiver Supply Voltage
• Emergency Stop Function
• Mushroom Button (Mushroom-Head Actuator)
• Manual Reset
• Stop Category 0
• Stop Category 1
• Stop Category 2
• Passive Stop
• Active Stop (ATS)
• Communication Monitoring (Watchdog)
• Loss of Communication
• Transition to the Safe State (Fail-Safe Behaviour)
• Prevention of Unintended Operation
• Prevention of Unauthorised Use (Unauthorised Use Prevention)
• Key Switch Authorisation
• Serial Data Integrity
• Error Detection Code (CRC / Error Detection)
• Valid Signal
• Start Inhibit
• Behaviour on Loss of Supply
• Prevention of Automatic Restart (Restart Inhibit)
• IEC / EN 62745 (Wireless Control Systems)
• EN 13557 (Crane Control Devices and Control Stations)
• EN IEC 60204-32 (Electrical Equipment of Lifting Machines)
• IEC 60204-1 (Electrical Equipment of Machines)
• EN ISO 13849-1 (Safety-Related Parts of Control Systems)
• Performance Level
• Category 3 Architecture
• Single Fault Tolerance
• MTTFd (Mean Time To Dangerous Failure)
• Diagnostic Coverage
• Common Cause Failure
• ISO 13850 (Emergency Stop Design Principles)
• Risk Assessment
• Type-B2 Standard
• RED 2014/53/EU (Radio Equipment Directive)
• CE Marking
• EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC)
• Notified Body
• Harmonised Standard
• SRD Regulation (Short Range Access Radio Devices)
• Radio Licence Exemption (Licence Exemption)
• e.r.p. Output Power (Effective Radiated Power)
• SRD Duty Cycle Limit
• Short Range Access Radio (Short Range Device)
• ETSI EN 300 220 (25 MHz - 1000 MHz SRD Standard)
• EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility)
• Operator Training
• No Unattended Suspended Load
• Safe Distance
• Control Circuit Separation
• DIN Rail Mounting
• Gasket Sealing
• Cover Screw Torque
• IP64 (Dust-Tight, Resistant to Splashing Water)
• IP65 (Dust-Tight, Resistant to Water Jets)
• IP67 (Dust-Tight, Resistant to Temporary Immersion)
• Dual IP Rating
• Immersion Test (IPX7 Immersion Test)
• Water Jet Test (IPX5 Water Jet Test)
• Dust-Tight (Dust-Tight, IP First Digit 6)
• IEC 60529 (IP Protection Codes Standard)
• Condensation
• Corrosion (Salty and Coastal Environments)
• UV Degradation
• Vibration Resistance
• Drop and Impact Resistance
• Operating Temperature Range
• Charge Cycle Life
• C-Rate
• CC-CV Charge Profile (Constant Current - Constant Voltage)
• Storage State of Charge
• Capacity Fade
• Battery Performance at Low Temperature (Cold Weather Performance)
• Alkaline Battery Shelf Life
• Battery Leakage
• Connector Oxidation
• Earthing Connection (Earthing / Grounding)
• Shielded Cable
• Shield Termination Point
• Twisted Pair Cable
• Ferrite Ring (Ferrite Ring / Common-Mode Choke)
• EMI/RFI Line Filter
• Cable Separation Distance
• Right-Angle Cable Crossing
• Inverter Interference (VFD Interference)
• Welding Machine Interference
• Common-Mode Noise
• Surge Protection with a Varistor (MOV Surge Protection)
• Limit Switch
• Series Wiring of Limit Switches
• Channel-to-Movement Mapping (Channel Mapping)
• Periodic Function Test
• Contact Welding
• Intermittent Response Fault
• Range Degradation Symptom
• Preventive Maintenance Checklist
• Battery Level Indicator
• Pressure Equalizing Vent
• Maintenance Logbook
• A Single Channel Not Working (Single Channel Failure)
• MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET)
• Channel Resistance (RDS(on))
• Body Diode
• Gate Driver Circuit
• Gate Resistor
• Bootstrap Supply (Bootstrap Circuit)
• High-Side Switch
• Low-Side Switch
• Leg Short Circuit (Shoot-Through)
• Dead-Time
• Switching Loss
• Conduction Loss
• Switching Frequency
• PWM Frequency
• Duty Cycle
• PWM Resolution
• Carrier Signal — PWM (Carrier)
• Locked Antiphase PWM
• Sign-Magnitude PWM
• One-Quadrant Drive
• Four-Quadrant Drive
• Slow Decay
• Fast Decay
• Synchronous Rectification
• Snubber Circuit
• RC Snubber (Resistor-Capacitor Damper)
• Reverse Recovery
• Rate of Current Change (di/dt)
• Rate of Voltage Change (dv/dt)
• DC Link Capacitor
• Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)
• Current Ripple
• Bus Ripple
• Motor Inductance
• Electrical Time Constant (L/R)
• Half Bridge
• Relay Reversing
• Chopper Drive
• Linear Drive
• Paralleling MOSFETs
• Current Sharing
• Gate Charge (Qg)
• Miller Plateau
• Threshold Voltage (VGS(th))
• Safe Operating Area (SOA)
• Avalanche Rating
• Load Dump — Electrical
• Switching Noise
• Brushed DC Motor
• Brush Arcing
• Commutator
• Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC)
• Series-Wound DC Motor (Series-Wound)
• Geared DC Motor (Gearmotor)
• Gear Ratio
• Back-Drivability
• DC Linear Actuator
• Stall Torque
• Stall Current (Locked-Rotor Current)
• No-Load Current
• Rated Current
• Peak Current
• Continuous Current
• Back-EMF
• Back EMF Constant (Ke)
• Torque Constant (Kt)
• Speed-Torque Curve
• Moment of Inertia
• Torque Ripple
• Dynamic Braking
• Coasting Stop (Coast)
• Reverse Current Braking (Plugging)
• Regenerative Energy
• Brake Resistor (Brake / Dump Resistor)
• Electromagnetic Brake (Fail-Safe Brake)
• Current Limit
• Thermal Protection
• Overvoltage Protection
• Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
• Series Diode Protection
• P-Channel Protection MOSFET (P-Channel Protection FET)
• Fuse Time-Current Characteristic (Time-Current Curve)
• Slow-Blow Fuse (Type T)
• Fast-Acting Fuse (F Type)
• Battery Capacity (Ah)
• Deep Discharge
• AWG Size (American Wire Gauge)
• Current-Carrying Capacity (Ampacity)
• Ground Return Path
• Terminal Tightening Torque
• Speed Regulation
• Mechanical Time Constant
• High-Side Current Sensing
• Potentiometer
• Pot Taper (Linear / Logarithmic)
• 0–10 V Analog Input
• 0–5 V Analog Input
• 4–20 mA Current Loop
• Joystick Input
• ADC Resolution
• Sampling Rate
• Digital Input
• NPN / PNP Sensor Output
• Pull-Up / Pull-Down Resistor
• Momentary and Latching Buttons
• Direction Interlock
• Emergency Stop Input (E-Stop Input)
• Hall Effect Sensor
• Encoder
• Reed Relay / Magnetic Sensor (Reed Switch)
• Current-Sensing End Stop
• Current Threshold Calibration
• Ramp Time
• Soft Stop
• Speed Reference
• Open Loop Control
• PI Controller
• Hysteresis
• Thermal Resistance (Rth, °C/W)
• Junction Temperature (TJ)
• Heatsink
• Thermal Interface Material (TIM)
• Natural Convection
• Forced Air Cooling
• Thermal Derating
• NTC Thermistor (Negative Temperature Coefficient)
• Thermal Shutdown
• Potting
• Shunt Resistor
• Current Probe
• Measuring PWM with an Oscilloscope
• RMS Value (Root Mean Square)
• Efficiency
• Power Loss Budget
• Energy Consumption (Wh)
• Analog Input Impedance
• RC Signal Filter (RC Low-Pass Filter)
• Reference Voltage (Vref)
• Input Isolation with an Optocoupler (Optocoupler Isolation)
• Insulating Washer / Sil-Pad
• Heatsink Sizing
• Effect of the Measuring Probe on the Circuit (Probe Loading)
• Current Sense Amplifier
• Three-Point Hitch Category (Hitch Category)
• Lower Link
• Top Link
• Lift Arm
• Lift Rod
• Hitch Pin
• Side Stabilizer (Stabilizer / Check Chain)
• Quick Hitch
• A-Frame
• Lift Capacity
• Lift at Pins
• Implement Centre of Gravity
• Position Control
• Draft Control
• Mixed (Intermix) Control
• Top-Link Draft Sensing
• Lower-Link Draft Sensing
• Drop Rate Lever (Response Lever)
• Transport Position
• Continuous Pumping Zone
• Lift Quadrant (Quadrant Lever)
• Depth Repeatability
• Float Position
• Hitch Drift
• Hydraulic Oil Heating
• Open Center Hydraulic System
• Closed Center Hydraulic System
• Tractor Hydraulic Working Pressure
• Trailer Drawbar Connection
• Wheel Slip
• Headland Turn
• Implement Working Depth
• Soil Resistance
• Depth Control with a Plough
• Depth Accuracy on a Seed Drill
• Constant Height on a Sprayer
• Even Distribution in Fertiliser Spreading
• PTO Load on a Baler
• Power Take-Off (PTO)
• PTO Speed 540 and 1000 rpm
• PTO Guard
• PTO Shaft (Universal Joint Driveshaft)
• Slip Clutch
• Drawbar
• Tongue Weight
• Mechanical Safety Support for the Linkage
• Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS)
• Lift-O-Matik Cable
• Cable Pull Force
• Cable Pull Distance (Stroke)
• Lead-Screw Linear Motor
• Lever Adapter Bracket
• Cable Entry Socket
• Joystick Control Unit
• Proportional Joystick
• Joystick Dead Band
• Joystick Response Curve
• Fender Switch
• Illuminated Switch
• Electronic Switch
• Connectorised Wiring
• Emergency Stop Button
• In-Cab Control Module
• Potted Control Board
• Galvanised Enclosure
• Position Sensor (Position Feedback)
• Overcurrent Protection
• Signal-Loss Timeout
• Fail-Safe Neutral
• Soft Mode
• Dynamic Mode
• Mode Selection Wire
• Motor Travel Range Calibration
• Direction Reversal Calibration
• Remote Control Pairing
• Auto-Calibration
• Wide Input Voltage Range
• Radial Torque (kgf·cm)
• Force Applied to the Lever (kgf)
• Negative Ground
• Battery Supply Line
• Ignition-Switched Supply
• Alternator Charging Voltage
• Cranking Voltage Drop
• Load Dump on a Tractor
• In-Cab Control Layout
• Fuse Sizing
• Supply Cable Cross-Section
• Chassis (Ground) Point
• Quiescent Current
• Protecting Electronics Before Welding
• Jump Start
• Pressure Washing Resistance
• Outdoor Mounting on a Tractor Without a Cab
• Bench Test
• Mechanism-Based Compatibility
• Fuse Blowing
• Cable Slack
• End-of-Season Storage Preparation
• Droop Governor
• Isochronous Speed Control
• Speed Oscillation (Governor Hunting)
• Deadband
• Overshoot
• Mechanical Flyweight Governor
• Electronic Speed Governor
• Speed Setpoint
• Speed Error
• Percent Droop
• Load Acceptance
• Load Rejection — Mechanical
• No-Load Speed
• Full-Load Speed
• Rated Speed
• Idle Speed
• Maximum Speed Limit
• Smoke Limit
• Fuel Rack Position
• Injection Pump Throttle Lever
• Throttle Butterfly
• Fuel Shut-Off Solenoid
• ETR Solenoid (Energize To Run)
• ETS Solenoid (Energize To Stop)
• Magnetic Speed Pickup (MPU)
• Flywheel Tooth Count
• Alternator W Terminal
• Speed-to-Frequency Conversion
• Speed Measurement (RPM Measurement)
• Tachometer
• Hall Speed Sensor
• AS5600 Magnetic Encoder
• Absolute Position Encoder
• Diametric Magnet
• 12-bit Angle Resolution (4096 Steps)
• Position Feedback
• Speed Feedback
• Open-Loop Throttle Control
• Closed-Loop Control
• Proportional Controller (P Controller)
• Control Gain
• Soft Ramp
• Settling Time
• Control Stability
• Ratiometric Potentiometer Input (0–3.3 V)
• Potentiometer Centre Terminal (Wiper)
• Alternator Pole Count
• Mains Frequency and Engine Speed
• Synchronous Speed
• Frequency Stability
• Cable-Pull Actuator
• Bowden Cable
• Cable Liner
• Cable Travel
• Cable Pretension
• Cable Guide
• Friction Hysteresis
• Cable Stretch
• Cable Failure
• Throttle Linkage Joint
• Non-Invasive Mounting
• Stall Protection
• Actuator Current Limit
• Watchdog Timer
• Return to Safe Position (Fail-Safe Position)
• Working Speed Memory
• Idle–Work Speed Toggle (Idle/Work Toggle)
• Upper Limit Teach-In
• Memory Reset
• GND-Triggered Calibration (Blue Wire)
• Working Range Scaling (Span Scaling)
• Control Resolution
• Auto-Idle
• Trigger Signal Input (Trigger Input)
• Wireless Speed Remote Control
• Multi-Channel Speed Control
• Independent Channel Architecture
• Multi-Engine Speed Matching
• Mud Pump Speed
• Flow–Speed Relationship in a Positive Displacement Pump
• Pump Discharge Pressure
• Drilling Cabin Control Panel
• Constant Speed on an Irrigation Pump
• Wet Stacking (Unburned Fuel Accumulation)
• Bore Glazing
• Fuel Consumption at High Engine Speed
• Overspeed Protection
• Diesel Runaway
• Positive Air Shut-Off
• Emergency Stop Chain
• Low Oil Pressure Switch
• High Coolant Temperature Switch
• Reverse Polarity Damage
• Shield Grounding
• IP67 Connectorised Harness
• Engine Bay Ambient Temperature
• Actuator Mounting Angle
• Speed Setup Procedure
• Speed Test Under Load
• Periodic Cable Inspection
• Levelling
• Automatic Levelling Cycle
• Ground Contact Detection
• Dual Axis Tilt Measurement
• Longitudinal Tilt (Pitch)
• Lateral Tilt (Roll)
• Tilt Calibration
• Tare (Reference Zeroing)
• MEMS Accelerometer
• Tilt Resolution
• Degree–Percent Slope Conversion
• Spirit Level Indicator
• Precision Mode
• Wind Mode
• Emergency Stop
• Retract All Jacks
• Timeout Protection
• Current Protection — On a Levelling Jack
• Stabilizer Jack
• Levelling Jack
• Screw Jack Actuator
• Scissor Jack
• Telescopic Jack
• Jack Stroke (Travel)
• Jack Load Capacity
• The Difference Between Lifting and Load Capacity
• Jack Pad
• Articulated Leg Foot Pad
• Ground Pressure
• Sinking on Soft Ground
• Levelling Block
• Wheel Chock
• Using Levelling Ramps
• Levelling
• Four Point Support Plane
• RV Overall Dimensions
• Chassis Torsion
• Chassis Reinforcement
• Axle Load
• Noseweight (Drawbar Load)
• Maximum Laden Mass (MTPLM / MAM)
• Mass in Running Order (MiRO)
• Payload
• Centre of Gravity (In an RV)
• Overturning Moment
• Sway
• Stabilisation (Anti-Rocking)
• Single Axle and Twin Axle
• Absorption Refrigerator Tilt Tolerance
• Grey Water Drainage Slope
• Leisure Battery
• Starter Battery
• Deep Cycle Battery
• Depth of Discharge (DoD)
• Cycle Life
• Amp-hour (Ah) Capacity
• Usable Capacity
• LiFePO4 Battery (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
• AGM Battery (Absorbent Glass Mat)
• Gel Battery
• Battery Management System (BMS)
• Battery Internal Resistance
• Resting Voltage and State of Charge (SoC)
• Three-Stage Charging (Bulk, Absorption, Float)
• Bulk Stage (Bulk Charge)
• Absorption Stage
• Float Stage (Maintenance Charge)
• Equalization Charge
• DC-DC Charger (Battery to Battery Charger)
• Smart Alternator
• Split Charge Relay (VSR)
• Mains Charger
• Shore Power Inlet and Mains Connection
• Inverter (DC-AC Converter)
• Pure Sine Wave Inverter
• Modified Sine Wave Inverter
• Continuous Power and Peak Power
• Standby Current (Parasitic Draw)
• 12V Distribution Panel (Fuse Panel)
• Blade Fuse (ATO / Mini / Maxi)
• Main Battery Fuse
• Cable Sizing
• Voltage Drop in a 12V System
• Negative Chassis Return
• Reverse Polarity Protection
• RV Solar Panel (Roof Mounted PV)
• MPPT Charge Controller (Maximum Power Point Tracking)
• PWM Charge Controller (Pulse Width Modulation)
• Panel Tilt Angle
• Shading Loss
• Panel Soiling
• Cleaning Cycle
• Panel Efficiency Loss and Recovery
• Brush Width
• Low Water Consumption Cleaning
• Panel Surface Scratching Risk
• Side Mirror Field of View
• Blind Spot
• Heated and Power Folding Mirror
• Hydraulic Circuit
• Hydraulic Power Pack
• Gear Pump
• Vane Pump
• Piston Pump
• Fixed Displacement Pump
• Variable Displacement Pump
• Pump Displacement (cm³/rev)
• Hydraulic Cylinder
• Double-Acting Cylinder
• Single-Acting Cylinder
• Telescopic Cylinder
• Cylinder Stroke
• Piston/Rod Differential Area
• Hydraulic Motor
• Hydraulic Accumulator
• Accumulator Precharge Pressure
• Hydraulic Reservoir
• Tank Breather Filter (Breather)
• Return Line Filter
• Suction Strainer
• Pressure Line Filter
• Filter Bypass Valve
• Filter Beta Ratio
• Hydraulic Hose
• Burst Pressure and Safety Factor
• Fittings and Couplings (Fitting)
• Quick Coupler
• Hose Burst Valve
• Directional Control Valve
• Valve Spool
• Spool Overlap
• Open Center Valve
• Closed Center Valve
• Monoblock Valve
• Sectional Valve
• Valve Detent
• Float Position
• Pilot Operated Valve
• Check Valve
• Pilot Operated Check Valve
• Load Holding and Counterbalance Valve
• Relief Valve
• Anti-Shock and Port Relief Valve
• Pressure Reducing Valve
• Sequence Valve
• Unloading Valve
• Throttle / Flow Control Valve
• Flow Divider
• Load Sensing (LS)
• Proportional Solenoid
• Proportional Amplifier
• Current Control
• Dither Current (Dither)
• Dither Frequency
• Proportional Valve Hysteresis
• Proportional Valve Deadband
• Deadband Compensation
• Minimum Current Setting (Imin)
• Maximum Current Setting (Imax)
• Valve Response Time
• Flow-Signal Curve
• Valve Gain
• Linear Characteristic
• Parabolic Curve
• Pressure Compensated Flow Control
• Repeatability
• Linearity Error
• Step Response
• Control Bandwidth
• LVDT Feedback
• Closed Loop Valve Control
• Open Loop Valve Control
• PID Control
• Hall Effect Joystick
• Potentiometer Joystick
• Joystick Center Deadzone
• Coil Voltage
• Coil Resistance
• Coil Inductance
• Coil Current Feedback
• Coil Current Ripple
• Flyback Diode
• Coil Heating
• Bar (Pressure Unit)
• Liters/Minute (l/min, Flow Rate)
• Cylinder Force Calculation
• Cylinder Speed Calculation
• Hydraulic Power Calculation
• Pressure Drop
• Hydraulic Efficiency (Volumetric / Overall Efficiency)
• Hydraulic Oil Viscosity (ISO VG)
• Viscosity Index
• ISO 4406 Cleanliness Code
• Cavitation
• Aeration
• Oil Temperature Management
• Water Contamination in Oil
• Hydraulic Drift
• Lever Judder / Oscillation (Hunting)
• Radio Frequency (RF)
• Frequency (Hz)
• Wavelength (λ)
• Carrier Signal - RF (Carrier)
• Sub-GHz Band
• Bandwidth (RF Bandwidth)
• Channel Spacing
• Decibel (dB)
• dBm
• dBi
• dBd
• Antenna Gain
• Isotropic Antenna
• ERP (Effective Radiated Power)
• EIRP (Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power)
• Transmitter Output Power (Tx Power)
• Receiver Sensitivity (Rx Sensitivity)
• Noise Floor
• Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
• Link Budget
• Fade Margin
• Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)
• Friis Transmission Equation
• The 6 dB Rule
• Line of Sight
• Fresnel Zone
• Diffraction
• Multipath Propagation
• Multipath Fading
• Shadowing Loss
• Penetration Loss
• RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)
• Dipole Antenna
• Half-Wave Dipole (λ/2)
• Monopole Antenna
• Quarter Wave Antenna (λ/4)
• Ground Plane
• Helical Antenna
• Chip Antenna
• Antenna Polarization
• Polarisation Mismatch
• Radiation Pattern
• Effect of Antenna Height
• Near Field / Far Field
• Faraday Cage
• Antenna Impedance (50 Ω)
• SWR / VSWR (Standing Wave Ratio)
• Return Loss
• Coaxial Cable Loss
• RF Connector Types (SMA, RP-SMA, BNC, N)
• Modulation
• ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)
• OOK (On-Off Keying)
• FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)
• GFSK (Gaussian Filtered FSK)
• Spread Spectrum
• FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)
• DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
• LoRa / CSS (Chirp Spread Spectrum)
• Data Rate–Range Trade-off
• Time on Air
• Packet / Frame Structure
• Preamble and Sync Word
• CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
• Packet Retry
• ACK (Acknowledgement Mechanism)
• Bidirectional Communication
• Telemetry / Feedback
• Latency
• Addressing / Device ID
• RF Pairing Protocol
• Learning Procedure (Learning Mode)
• Fixed Code (Fixed / Learning Code)
• Rolling Code
• Replay Attack
• RF Encryption
• Session Authentication
• Jamming
• Interference
• Channel Occupancy
• Receiver Blocking (Desensitization)
• EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility)
• EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)
• Conducted Emission
• Radiated Emission
• RF Noise from Inverters (VFD)
• Arc Discharge Noise
• SMPS / LED Driver Harmonics
• Ferrite Bead / Ring
• 433 MHz Band (LPD433 / ISM)
• 868 MHz Band (SRD860)
• 2.4 GHz ISM Band
• Duty Cycle (Transmission Time Ratio)
• LBT (Listen Before Talk)
• AFA (Adaptive Frequency Agility)
• RED Article 3 Essential Requirements
• ETSI Harmonised Standard
• RF Watchdog / Signal Loss Timeout
• Conductor Cross-Section
• Ampacity (Current-Carrying Capacity)
• Voltage Drop
• Copper Resistivity
• 3% Voltage Drop Rule
• Round-Trip Circuit Length
• Temperature Derating Factor
• Grouping Factor
• Stranded Conductor
• Solid Conductor
• TTR / NYAF Cable (Flexible PVC Cable)
• Cable Ferrule
• Cable Lug
• Crimp Connection
• Solder versus Crimp Comparison
• Solder Wicking
• Gas-Tight Joint
• Crimp Tool Selection
• Pull Test
• Wire Stripping
• Terminal Block
• Spring-Clamp Terminal
• Screw Terminal
• DIN Rail Terminal
• DIN Rail
• Connector
• Deutsch-Style Connector
• Connector Terminal Back-Out
• Connector Keying
• Cable Gland
• Gland Sealing Range
• Blanking Plug
• Breather Plug
• Drip Loop
• Cable Duct
• Spiral Conduit (Conduit / Split Loom)
• Junction Box
• Wire Splice
• Heat-Shrink Tubing
• Fuse
• ATO/ATC Blade Fuse
• Fuse Color Code
• Glass Cartridge Fuse
• Automatic Fuse (Circuit Breaker)
• Breaking Capacity
• Fuse Rating Selection
• Fuse Proximity to the Battery Terminal (Protection Proximity)
• Main Fuse
• Discrimination / Selectivity
• Relay
• Contactor
• Relay Coil Current
• Freewheeling Diode
• Contact Bounce
• Thermal Overload Relay
• Arcing
• Arc Suppression
• Varistor (MOV / Varistor)
• TVS Diode (Transil / Transient Voltage Suppressor)
• Chassis Bond
• Poor Ground
• Single-Point Grounding
• Ground Loop
• Cable Shielding
• Single-End Shield Grounding
• Shield Pigtail
• Cable Segregation
• Differential-Mode Noise
• Ferrite Bead / Clamp
• Brush Arc Noise
• Short Circuit
• Short to Chassis
• Open Circuit
• Intermittent Fault
• Loose Terminal
• Oxidation
• Galvanic Corrosion
• Hot Spot
• Thermal Imaging Inspection
• Multimeter
• Continuity Test
• Voltage Drop Test
• Insulation Resistance
• Clamp Meter
• Loaded Measurement
• Fault Isolation / Half-Split
• Parasitic Resistance
• Parasitic Drain
• Strain Relief
• Clamping Interval
• Grommet
• Vibration Fatigue
• Welding Current Damage
• LOTO Lockout/Tagout
• Commissioning Test
• Cable Labelling
• Reading a Wiring Diagram
• Retorque Check
• Requirements Analysis
• Technical Specification
• Requirement List
• Acceptance Criteria
• Feasibility Study
• Concept Design
• Schematic Design
• PCB Layout
• Bill of Materials (BOM)
• Alternative Component (Second Source)
• Component Obsolescence
• Board Revision
• Engineering Change Request
• Design for Manufacturability (DFM)
• Test Point
• Prototype Board
• Sample Approval
• Field Test
• Environmental Stress Test
• Pre-compliance EMC Test
• Accelerated Life Test
• Cycle Test
• Board Assembly (SMT Assembly)
• Conformal Coating
• Firmware Flashing
• Bootloader
• Firmware Update
• Parameter Storage in EEPROM (Non-volatile Parameter Storage)
• Factory Reset
• Technical File
• Microcontroller (MCU)
• Digital Input-Output (Digital I/O)
• Analog Input and ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter)
• Signal Filtering
• CAN Bus Interface
• RS-485 Interface
• Modbus Protocol
• Galvanic Isolation
• Serial Number and Traceability
• Production Test Jig
• Functional Production Test
• Production Batch
• Retrofit
• Reversible Installation
• Backward Compatibility
• Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
• Design Ownership
• Moulds and Production Tooling
• Release Notes
• User Manual
• Order Confirmation
• Pre-Contractual Information Form
• Distance Sales Contract
• Shopping Cart
• Stock Availability
• Pre-Order (Backorder / Pre-Order)
• Order Number
• Order Status
• Order Cancellation
• Maximum Order Quantity
• Bank Transfer / EFT
• Virtual POS
• 3D Secure (3-D Secure)
• Payment Authorization
• Installment Payment
• Cash on Delivery
• Current Account
• Proforma Invoice
• e-Invoice
• e-Archive Invoice
• Corporate Invoice
• VAT (Value Added Tax)
• Tax Identification Number
• Delivery Note / Waybill
• Shipment Tracking Number
• Estimated Delivery Time
• Free Shipping Threshold
• Freight Collect Shipment
• Desi (Volumetric Weight)
• Pallet Shipment
• Delivery Address Change
• Damage Report
• Undelivered Shipment
• Force Majeure
• Right of Withdrawal
• Withdrawal Notice
• Withdrawal Exceptions
• Return Conditions
• Return Authorization Code
• Refund
• Defective Goods
• Consumer Remedies
• Warranty Certificate
• Warranty Period
• Cases Outside Warranty Scope (Warranty Exclusions)
• Maximum Repair Time
• After-Sales Service
• RMA Process (Return Merchandise Authorization)
• Serial Number
• Remote Support